![]() This is a large and complex model because those sounds often vary based on context (that is, where a speaker is raised and the dialect spoken), Cohen says. ![]() The acoustic portion is a statistical model of the basic sounds made in spoken language (all of the vowels and consonants, for example). ![]() The company's speech-recognition model has acoustic, lexicon and language components. Thus far, more than 60 million videos have been auto-captioned, according to Google. Google introduced machine-generated automatic captions to YouTube in November 2009 and has since sought to improve the technology with the help of speech-recognition modeling software and lots of data. Google introduced the ability to manually add captions to videos on its Google Video site in 2006 and in 2008 added captioning to YouTube. "We wanted to re-win that battle for them in a way that's scalable it had to be done with technology rather than using humans to input captions with each video." Throughout much of the deaf community, "there was a feeling that after spending years winning the legal battles to have television programming captioned, all of a sudden the world had moved to YouTube," Cohen says. Television, which introduced closed-captioning in the early 1970s and made it more widely available throughout the 1980s, in many ways has had an edge over the Web in serving the needs of the deaf, he adds. Google's mission is to organize the world's information, and a lot of that information on the Web is spoken rather than written, says the company's research scientist Mike Cohen, who joined Google in 2004 to head up speech technology development. Google and YouTube engineers are working to fix this by improving software that can automatically add captions to all videos, although this has been a difficult process. alone) could not take full advantage of YouTube because they were getting only half of the experience. ![]() Until recently, however, the tens of millions of deaf and hearing-impaired (in the U.S. For most people YouTube (Google bought the video-sharing site for $1.65 billion in late 2006) is a valuable outlet for sharing personal videos, catching up on college lectures, consulting "how-to" clips and absorbing pop-culture nuggets like "Weird Al" Yankovic's parody of Lady Gaga. Visitors to YouTube, which now boasts the Internet's second-largest search engine, have uploaded hundreds of millions of videos since its launch in early 2005. ![]()
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